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【Android】由浅到深理解AIDL

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【Android】由浅到深理解AIDL


一、 Binder概述

1.1 为什么要用binder

出于安全性、稳定性和内存管理的考虑,Android的应用和系统服务运行在分离的进程中,但是它们之间需要通信和共享数据避免传统IPC开销和服务拒绝的问题android的库不支持System V 的IPCBinder加入了对象引用的引用计数器,消亡提醒机制。当一个Binder服务没有任何终端引用时,它的所有者可以自动提醒它去处理自己Binder通过UID/PID来分辨发送者和接受者(对于安全很重要)

但是:

Binder不支持RPC,只有本地客户端和服务端基于消息通信,不适用于流不符合POSIX标准

1.2 binder通信流程

客户端使用服务

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进程之间无法进行直接通信,所以通过Binder驱动

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客户端和服务端不需要了解binder协议,所以使用代理和存根

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客户端不想要知道正在使用IPC,也不关心binder和代理,所以,需要管理对象进行抽象
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但是客户端怎样获取它想要通信的服务的handle,只需要问问sevicemanager(Context Manager),服务是否已经注册
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最后,我们看下总体的架构

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二 、 AIDL示例

 

使用aidl实现跨进程的加减法

2.1 服务端

新建android工程,创建包com.realize.calc.aidl,新建文件ICalcAIDL.aidl,内容如下

 

package com.realize.calc.aidl;
interface ICalcAIDL
{
	int add(int x , int y);
	int min(int x , int y );
}

创建包com.realize.lizijun.binder_server,新建服务CalcService.java,内容如下

 

 

package com.realize.lizijun.binder_server;
 
import com.realize.calc.aidl.ICalcAIDL;
 
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
 
public class CalcService extends Service
{
	private static final String TAG = "server";
 
	public void onCreate()
	{
		Log.e(TAG, "onCreate");
	}
 
	public IBinder onBind(Intent t)
	{
		Log.e(TAG, "onBind");
		return mBinder;
	}
 
	public void onDestroy()
	{
		Log.e(TAG, "onDestroy");
		super.onDestroy();
	}
 
	public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent)
	{
		Log.e(TAG, "onUnbind");
		return super.onUnbind(intent);
	}
 
	public void onRebind(Intent intent)
	{
		Log.e(TAG, "onRebind");
		super.onRebind(intent);
	}
 
	private final ICalcAIDL.Stub mBinder = new ICalcAIDL.Stub()
	{
 
		@Override
		public int add(int x, int y) throws RemoteException
		{
			return x + y;
		}
 
		@Override
		public int min(int x, int y) throws RemoteException
		{
			return x - y;
		}
 
	};
 
}

AndroidManifest.xml中注册服务
        <service android:name="com.realize.lizijun.binder_server.CalcService">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.realize.calc.aidl">
 
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT">
            </category></action></intent-filter>
        </service>

2.2 客户端

新建android工程,创建包com.realize.calc.aidl,新建文件ICalcAIDL.aidl(与服务端是一样的),内容如下

package com.realize.calc.aidl;
interface ICalcAIDL
{
	int add(int x , int y);
	int min(int x , int y );
}

主activity内容如下
package com.realize.lizijun.binder_client;
 
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;
 
import com.realize.calc.aidl.ICalcAIDL;
 
public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
	private static final String TAG = "client";
	private ICalcAIDL mCalcAidl;
 
	private ServiceConnection mServiceConn = new ServiceConnection()
	{
		@Override
		public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name)
		{
			Log.e(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected");
			mCalcAidl = null;
		}
 
		@Override
		public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service)
		{
			Log.e(TAG, "onServiceConnected");
			mCalcAidl = ICalcAIDL.Stub.asInterface(service);
		}
	};
 
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
	{
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
 
	}
 
	/**
	 * 点击BindService按钮时调用
	 * @param view
	 */
	public void bindService(View view)
	{
		Intent intent = new Intent();
		intent.setAction("com.realize.calc.aidl");
		bindService(intent, mServiceConn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
	}
	/**
	 * 点击unBindService按钮时调用
	 * @param view
	 */
	public void unbindService(View view)
	{
		unbindService(mServiceConn);
	}
	/**
	 * 点击12+12按钮时调用
	 * @param view
	 */
	public void addInvoked(View view) throws Exception
	{
 
		if (mCalcAidl != null)
		{
			int addRes = mCalcAidl.add(12, 12);
			Toast.makeText(this, addRes + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
		} else
		{
			Toast.makeText(this, "服务器被异常杀死,请重新绑定服务端", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
					.show();
 
		}
 
	}
	/**
	 * 点击50-12按钮时调用
	 * @param view
	 */
	public void minInvoked(View view) throws Exception
	{
 
		if (mCalcAidl != null)
		{
			int addRes = mCalcAidl.min(50, 12);
			Toast.makeText(this, addRes + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
		} else
		{
			Toast.makeText(this, "服务器未绑定或被异常杀死,请重新绑定服务端", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
					.show();
 
		}
 
	}
 
}

界面如下:

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2.3 结果说明

 

点击BindService之后,服务端执行了onCreate和onBind的方法, 客户端执行onServiceConnected方法然后点击12+12,50-12可以成功的调用服务端的代码并返回正确的结果再点击unBindService, Service调用了onUnbind和onDestory然后点击12+12,50-12,仍然能够看到正确的结果,说明客户端与服务端的连接仍然存在我们通过后台,把服务强制停止掉,可以看到调用了onServiceDisconnected方法,此时,再点击12+12,50-12,就获取不到结果了

三、 分析AIDL生成的接口代码

上面创建ICalcAIDL.aidl之后,在gen目录下回生成文件ICalcAIDL.java, 该文件实现了客户端和服务端的代理(proxy)和存根(stub)

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3.1 服务端

服务端代码中调用ICalcAIDL.Stub

 

	private final ICalcAIDL.Stub mBinder = new ICalcAIDL.Stub()
	{
 
		@Override
		public int add(int x, int y) throws RemoteException
		{
			return x + y;
		}
 
		@Override
		public int min(int x, int y) throws RemoteException
		{
			return x - y;
		}
 
	};

而在CalcService.java中,很明显Stub就是Binder的子类

 

 

public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.realize.calc.aidl.ICalcAIDL

接着看看Stub下面的方法onTransact,该方法内部实现了加减法的操作
@Override public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException
{
	switch (code)
	{
		case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION:
		{
			reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);
			return true;
		}
		case TRANSACTION_add:
		{
			data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
			int _arg0;
			_arg0 = data.readInt();
			int _arg1;
			_arg1 = data.readInt();
			int _result = this.add(_arg0, _arg1);
			reply.writeNoException();
			reply.writeInt(_result);
			return true;
		}
		case TRANSACTION_min:
		{
			data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
			int _arg0;
			_arg0 = data.readInt();
			int _arg1;
			_arg1 = data.readInt();
			int _result = this.min(_arg0, _arg1);
			reply.writeNoException();
			reply.writeInt(_result);
			return true;
		}
	}
	return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
}
服务端会根据客户端发送来的消息执行onTransact方法,该方法有四个参数
code 是一个整形的唯一标识,用于区分执行哪个方法
data 客户端传递过来的参数
reply 服务器返回的值
flags 标明是否有返回值,0为有(双向),1为没有(单向)

 

3.2 客户端

客户端代码中,调用了ICalcAIDL.Stub.asInterface

 

	private ServiceConnection mServiceConn = new ServiceConnection()
	{
		@Override
		public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name)
		{
			Log.e(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected");
			mCalcAidl = null;
		}
 
		@Override
		public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service)
		{
			Log.e(TAG, "onServiceConnected");
			mCalcAidl = ICalcAIDL.Stub.asInterface(service);
		}
	};

而ICalcAIDL.java文件中,asInterface,最终是调用到Proxy

 

 

public static com.realize.calc.aidl.ICalcAIDL asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj)
{
	if ((obj==null)) {
		return null;
	}
	android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
	if (((iin!=null)&&(iin instanceof com.realize.calc.aidl.ICalcAIDL))) {
		return ((com.realize.calc.aidl.ICalcAIDL)iin);
	}
	return new com.realize.calc.aidl.ICalcAIDL.Stub.Proxy(obj);
}

所以,我们看下Proxy的add方法
@Override public int add(int x, int y) throws android.os.RemoteException
{
	android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
	android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
	int _result;
	try {
		_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
		_data.writeInt(x);
		_data.writeInt(y);
		mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_add, _data, _reply, 0);
		_reply.readException();
		_result = _reply.readInt();
	}
	finally {
		_reply.recycle();
		_data.recycle();
	}
		return _result;
}
声明了两个android.os.Parcel对象,_data用于传递数据,_replay用于接收返回的数据
最后调用transact方法,与服务端进行通信


 

四、不依赖AIDL的示例

 

怎样不通过AIDL文件,实现跨进程通信呢,从上面的分析中,我们可以知道,不通过AIDL文件,实现跨进程通信,那么实际上,就是要实现自动生成的AIDL文件中的接口功能, 下面我们实现跨进程的乘除调用

4.1 服务端

创建工程,实现CalcService.java,代码如下

package com.realize.lizijun.noaidl_binder_server;
 
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
 
public class CalcService extends Service
{
	private static final String DESCRIPTOR = "CalcService";
	private static final String TAG = "server";
 
	public void onCreate()
	{
		Log.e(TAG, "onCreate");
	}
 
	@Override
	public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId)
	{
		Log.e(TAG, "onStartCommand");
		return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
	}
 
	public IBinder onBind(Intent t)
	{
		Log.e(TAG, "onBind");
		return mBinder;
	}
 
	public void onDestroy()
	{
		Log.e(TAG, "onDestroy");
		super.onDestroy();
	}
 
	public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent)
	{
		Log.e(TAG, "onUnbind");
		return super.onUnbind(intent);
	}
 
	public void onRebind(Intent intent)
	{
		Log.e(TAG, "onRebind");
		super.onRebind(intent);
	}
 
	private MyBinder mBinder = new MyBinder();
 
	private class MyBinder extends Binder
	{
		@Override
		protected boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply,
				int flags) throws RemoteException
		{
			switch (code)
			{
			case 0x110:
			{
				Log.e(TAG, "0x110");
				data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
				int _arg0;
				_arg0 = data.readInt();
				int _arg1;
				_arg1 = data.readInt();
				int _result = _arg0 * _arg1;
				reply.writeNoException();
				reply.writeInt(_result);
				return true;
			}
			case 0x111:
			{
				Log.e(TAG, "0x111");
				data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
				int _arg0;
				_arg0 = data.readInt();
				int _arg1;
				_arg1 = data.readInt();
				int _result = _arg0 / _arg1;
				reply.writeNoException();
				reply.writeInt(_result);
				return true;
			}
			}
			return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
		}
 
	};
 
}
自定义了一个Binder子类,然后复写了其onTransact方法

AndroidManifest.xml中注册服务
        <service android:name="com.realize.lizijun.noaidl_binder_server.CalcService">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.realize.noaidl.calc">
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT">
            </category></action></intent-filter>
        </service>

4.2 客户端

创建工程,其主activity内容如下所示:

 

package com.realize.lizijun.noaidl_binder_client;
 
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;
 
public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
	private static final String TAG = "client";
	private IBinder mPlusBinder = null;
	private ServiceConnection mServiceConnPlus = new ServiceConnection()
	{
		// 只有当servie异常退出时,系统才会调用onServiceDisconnected()
		@Override
		public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name)
		{
			Log.e(TAG, "mServiceConnPlus onServiceDisconnected");
			mPlusBinder = null;
		}
 
		@Override
		public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service)
		{
 
			Log.e(TAG, " mServiceConnPlus onServiceConnected");
			mPlusBinder = service;
		}
	};
 
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
	{
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
 
	}
 
	public void bindService(View view)
	{
		Intent intentPlus = new Intent();
		intentPlus.setAction("com.realize.noaidl.calc");
		boolean result = bindService(intentPlus, mServiceConnPlus,
				Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
		Log.e(TAG, result + "");
	}
 
	public void unbindService(View view)
	{
		if (mServiceConnPlus != null)
		{	
			Log.e(TAG, "unbindService");
			unbindService(mServiceConnPlus);
			//mServiceConnPlus = null;
		}
	}
 
	public void mulInvoked(View view)
	{
 
		if (mPlusBinder == null)
		{
			Toast.makeText(this, "未连接服务端或服务端被异常杀死", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
		} else
		{
			android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
			android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
			int _result = 0;
			try
			{
				_data.writeInterfaceToken("CalcService");
				_data.writeInt(50);
				_data.writeInt(12);
				mPlusBinder.transact(0x110, _data, _reply, 0);
				_reply.readException();
				_result = _reply.readInt();
				Toast.makeText(this, _result + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 
			} catch (RemoteException e)
			{
				e.printStackTrace();
			} finally
			{
				_reply.recycle();
				_data.recycle();
			}
		}
 
	}
 
	public void divInvoked(View view)
	{
 
		if (mPlusBinder == null)
		{
			Toast.makeText(this, "未连接服务端或服务端被异常杀死", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
		} else
		{
			android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
			android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
			int _result = 0;
			try
			{
				_data.writeInterfaceToken("CalcService");
				_data.writeInt(36);
				_data.writeInt(12);
				mPlusBinder.transact(0x111, _data, _reply, 0);
				_reply.readException();
				_result = _reply.readInt();
				Toast.makeText(this, _result + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 
			} catch (RemoteException e)
			{
				e.printStackTrace();
			} finally
			{
				_reply.recycle();
				_data.recycle();
			}
		}
 
	}
}

界面如下:

 

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